Kyrgyzstan ( officially the Kyrgyz Republic) is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and the People's Republic of China to the east.
Kyrgyzstan is a presidential, secular, unitary republic.
The state language is Kyrgyz, the official language is Russian.
The monetary unit is the Kyrgyz som, which was introduced in 1993, first among the CIS. $1 = 84.5 KGS (2022).
Kyrgyzstan’s capital and largest city is Bishkek with a permanent population of 1,053,900 people.
The second largest city in terms of population is Osh, where more than 500 000 people live.
The population of Kyrgyzstan is 7 million people and the country ranks 110th in the world. Ethnic Kyrgyz make up the majority of the country, followed by significant minorities of Uzbeks and Russians. The Kyrgyz language is closely related to other Turkic languages.
In terms of area, the country ranks 85th in the world (199,951 km²), 7th among the CIS countries. Almost 90% of its territory is located above 1500 m above sea level.
Kyrgyzstan is a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Eurasian Economic Union, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Organisation of Turkic States, the Türksoy community and the United Nations.
The country's transitional economy is heavily dependent on deposits of gold, coal and uranium.
Kyrgyzstan attained sovereignty on August 31, 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Kyrgyzstan was officially a unitary presidential republic since the independancy; after the Tulip Revolution in 2005 it became even stronger presidential republic.
However after revolution in 2010 it became a unitary parliamentary republic, although it gradually developed an executive president and was governed as a semi-presidential republic before reverting to a presidential system in 2021.
President of the Kyrgyz Republic is Sadyr Zhaparov (54) since 2021. The president is elected for two terms 5 years of each.
Kyrgyz Parliament - Zhogorku Kenesh has been formed in December, 2020 after election. There are 90 seats for six fractions:
1.Faction "Ata-Jurt-Kyrgyzstan" - 16 seats.
2.Faction "Ishenim" (Trust) - 12 seats.
3.Faction "Aliyans" - 7 seats.
4.Faction "Butun Kyrgyzstan" (Whole Kyrgyzstan) - 6 seats.
5.Deputy group "Eldik" - 13 seats.
6.Deputy group "Mekenchil" - 14 seats.
There are deputies from single-member constituencies.
Speaker of the Parliament: Nurlanbek Shakiev (Sept. 2022).